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Position as per: January 1, 2002
I. General provisions
1. These General Terms and Conditions of Trade apply to all - including future - deliveries and
services (hereinafter: Deliveries). General terms and conditions of the buyer are applicable only
in so far as the supplier or service provider (hereinafter: Supplier) has given his explicit
written agreement to them.
2. Offers are without engagement in all cases. They do not become legally valid until confirmed
in writing by the Supplier, and they remain binding for a period of three months, calculated from
the date of confirmation. The legal validity of all agreements, including supplementary agreements,
other undertakings or subsequent modifications to the contract, is subject to written confirmation
by the Supplier. Attached declarations by manufacturers are part of the legal agreement.
3. The Supplier retains without restriction his utilization rights arising from his title and
proprietary rights with respect to estimates, drawings and other documents (hereinafter:
Documents). The Documents must not be made accessible to third parties except with the prior
consent of the Supplier and are to be returned to him on request without delay if the order is not
placed with the Supplier. Sentences 1 and 2 apply analogously to documents belonging to the buyer;
however, these may be made accessible to those third parties to whom the Supplier has permissibly
assigned deliveries.
4. With respect to standard software, the buyer has the non-exclusive right of utilization with
the agreed performance characteristics in unchanged form on the agreed devices. The buyer is
authorized to produce a backup copy without explicit agreement.
5. Delivery by instalments is permissible in so far as this does not constitute an unreasonable
demand for the buyer.
II. Prices and terms of payment
1. The prices are calculated ex works exclusive of packaging plus VAT at the respective legally
valid rate.
2. If the Supplier has taken on the assembly or installation and if no agreement has been made
to the contrary, the buyer bears in addition to the agreed payment all subsidiary costs involved,
such as travelling expenses, costs of transporting tools and personal baggage, as well as field
allowances.
3. Payments are to be made free to the paying agent of the Supplier.
4. The buyer can offset only such claims as are undisputed or have been legally validated.
5. If the buyer defaults in payment of an invoice, any further invoices issued - irrespective of
their date of issue - are due for payment immediately.
III. Retention of title
1. The objects of the Deliveries (goods sold subject to retention of title) remain the property
of the Supplier until fulfilment of all claims due to him against the buyer from the business
relationship. In the event of the value of all security rights due to the Supplier exceeding the
level of all secured claims by more than 20 %, the Supplier will, at the request of the buyer,
release a corresponding part of the security rights.
2. As long as the retention of title is extant, the buyer is barred from pledging or assignment
as security, and resale is permitted only to resellers in customary business transactions and only
on condition that the reseller receives payment from his customer or makes the reservation that the
title is not transferred to the customer until he has fulfilled his payment commitments.
3.a If the buyer resells goods sold subject to retention of title, he assigns to the Supplier
even now his future claims from the resale against his customers with all subsidiary rights -
inclusive of any balance claims - as security without any subsequent special declarations being
required. If the goods sold subject to retention of title are resold together with other objects
without an individual price having been agreed for the goods sold subject to retention of title,
the buyer assigns to the Supplier with priority over the other claims that part of the total asking
price corresponding to the price of the goods sold subject to retention of title invoiced by the
Supplier.
3.b In the event of a justified interest being substantiated, the buyer shall give the Supplier
the information required for assertion of his claims against the customer and to hand over the
required documents.
3.c Pending revocation, the buyer is authorized to collect the assigned claims arising from the
resale. In the presence of an important reason, in particular default in payment, suspension of
payments, opening of insolvency proceedings, or protest of a bill of exchange, or of comparable
well-founded evidence suggesting that the buyer is insolvent, the Supplier is entitled to revoke
the authorization for collection by the buyer. In addition, the Supplier can, after a prior warning
of notifying the debtor of the assignment or of utilizing the assigned claims subject to observance
of an adequate respite, notify the debtor of the assignment, utilize the assigned claims, and
demand that the buyer notify the customer of the assignment.
4.a The buyer is authorized to process or to transform the goods sold subject to retention of
title or to amalgamate them with other objects. The processing, transforming or amalgamating is
done on behalf of the Supplier. The buyer shall safeguard the new item for the Supplier with the
due care of a responsible businessman. The processed, transformed or amalgamated item is classified
under goods subject to retention of title.
4.b In the event of processing, transforming or amalgamating with other objects not belonging to
the Supplier, the Supplier is entitled to co-ownership in the new item at the level of the ratio of
the value of the processed, transformed or amalgamated goods subject to retention of title to the
value of the other processed goods at the time of the processing, transforming or amalgamating. If
the buyer acquires sole ownership of the new item, the Supplier and buyer agree that the buyer
shall grant to the Supplier co-ownership of the new item resulting from processing, transforming or
amalgamating in the ratio of the value of the processed, transformed or amalgamated goods to the
other processed, transformed or amalgamated goods at the time of the processing, transforming or
amalgamating.
4.c In the event of the new item being sold, the buyer herewith assigns to the Supplier his
claim from the resale against the customer with all subsidiary rights as security, without any
further special declarations being required. The assignment is, however, valid only at the level of
the sum corresponding to the value of the processed, transformed or amalgamated goods invoiced by
the Supplier. The part of the claim assigned to the Supplier is to be satisfied with priority. With
respect to the collection authorization and to the preconditions for their revocation, point 3.c
applies analogously.
4.d If the goods sold subject to retention of title are amalgamated with real estate or movable
items, the buyer also assigns to the Supplier, without any further special explanations being
required, the claim due to him as reimbursement for the amalgamating, with all auxiliary rights, as
security at the level of the ratio of the value of the amalgamated goods sold subject to retention
of title to the other amalgamated goods at the time of the amalgamating.
5. In the event of pledging, confiscation or other restraints or interventions by third parties,
the buyer shall notify the Supplier without delay.
6. In the event of the buyer infringing his duties, in particular in cases of default in
payment, the Supplier is entitled to withdrawal and revocation; the buyer is obliged to surrender
possession. The revocation or assertion of the retention of title requires no termination on the
part of the Supplier; these actions or any pledging of the goods sold subject to retention of title
by the Supplier do not constitute termination of the contract unless the Supplier has explicitly
declared this.
IV. Delivery times; default
1. The observance of delivery times is subject to the punctual receipt of all documents,
requisite licences and releases to be submitted by the buyer, in particular of plans, and to
observance of the agreed terms of payment and other commitments by the buyer. If these
preconditions are not met punctually, the times are extended accordingly; this does not apply when
the Supplier is responsible for the delay.
2. If the non-observance of the delivery times is due to unforeseeable events which affect the
Supplier or his subcontractors and which could not be averted by the Supplier even with the care to
be reasonably expected in the circumstances of the case (e.g. mobilization, armed conflict, riot,
force majeure, accidents, other breakdowns, or delays in the delivery of essential consumables or
primary materials), the delivery times are extended accordingly.
3. In the event of the Supplier defaulting, the buyer can - subject to satisfactory evidence
that he has suffered damage as a result of this - demand 0.5 % compensation for each full week of
the default, but not more in total than 5 % of the price, for that part of the deliveries which
could not be put to appropriate use on account of the default.
4. Both compensation claims by the buyer on account of delayed delivery and compensation claims
in lieu of performance extending beyond the limits specified in point 3 are precluded in all cases
of delayed delivery, even after expiry of a deadline that may have been set for the Supplier. This
does not apply in so far as there is compulsory liability in cases of wilful intent or of gross
negligence or for injury to life, to the body or to health; a change in the onus of proof to the
detriment of the buyer is not associated with this. The buyer can terminate the contract within the
framework of the legal provisions only in so far as the delay in delivery is the responsibility of
the Supplier.
5. At the request of the Supplier, the buyer is under obligation to declare within a reasonable
time whether he terminates the contract and/or demands compensation in lieu of performance on
account of the delayed delivery or insists on the delivery.
6. A right on the part of the buyer or Supplier to termination extends on principle only to that
part of the contract not yet fulfilled. If the partial deliveries already executed are
unserviceable to the buyer, he is entitled to terminate the entire contract.
7. If shipment or delivery is delayed by more than one month at the request of the buyer after
notification that the goods are ready for shipment, warehouse fees amounting to 0.5 % of the price
of the objects constituting the delivery, but totalling not more than 5 %, can be charged to the
buyer for each month or part thereof. Proof of higher or lower storage costs can be furnished at
the discretion of the parties to the contract.
V. Passing of risk
1. Even when delivery is carriage paid, the risk is passed to the buyer as follows:
a) for deliveries without assembly or installation, when they are shipped or collected. At the
request and cost of the buyer, deliveries are insured by the Supplier against the customary risks
of transport;
b) for deliveries with assembly or installation, on the date of acceptance at the buyer's own
business premises or - subject to agreement - after a completely successful trial run.
2. If the shipment, the delivery, the start, the execution of assembly or installation, the
acceptance at the buyer's own business premises or the trial run is delayed for reasons for which
the buyer is responsible or the buyer delays acceptance for other reasons, the risk is passed to
the buyer.
VI. Assembly and installation
Unless otherwise agreed in writing, assembly and installation are subject to the following
provisions:
1. The buyer shall provide in due time and bear the costs of:
a) all earthworks, construction works and other ancillary works alien to the trade, including
the skilled and unskilled workers, materials and tools required for this purpose,
b) the commodities and materials required for installation and commissioning, such as
scaffolding, lifting gear and other devices, fuels and lubricants,
c) power and water at the site of utilization, including the connections, heating and
lighting,
d) at the installation site for the safekeeping of machine components, apparatuses, materials,
tools etc. sufficiently large, appropriate, dry and lockable rooms and, for the installation
personnel, adequate working and leisure-time rooms including sanitary installations appropriate to
the circumstances; for the rest, the buyer shall, in the interests of protecting the property of
the Supplier and of the installation personnel, take at the site those measures which he would take
to protect his own property.
e) protective clothing and protective devices needed as a result of special circumstances at the
installation site.
2. Prior to the start of the installation works, the buyer shall provide, without being
requested to do so, the necessary data on the position of concealed electricity, gas and water
lines or similar systems as well as the necessary statistical data.
3. Prior to the start of assembly or installation, the provided materials and objects required
for the starting of the work must be at the assembly or installation site, and all preliminary
works must be so far advanced prior to erection work that the assembly or installation can be
started as agreed and can be executed without interruption. Approach routes and the assembly or
installation site must be levelled and cleared.
4. If the assembly, installation or commissioning is delayed by circumstances for which the
Supplier is not responsible, the buyer shall bear a reasonable proportion of the costs involved in
the waiting time and in additionally necessary travel by the Supplier or installation
personnel.
5. The buyer shall certify without delay to the Supplier each week the length of the working
time of the installation personnel as well as the completion of the assembly, installation or
commissioning.
6. If the Supplier demands acceptance of the delivery on completion, this has to be done by the
buyer within two weeks. If the buyer fails to do so, acceptance is deemed to have been executed.
Acceptance is also deemed to have been executed if the delivery - where relevant after completion
of an agreed test phase - has been taken into use.
7. The Supplier is not liable for the works executed by his after-sales service personnel in so
far as the works are not associated with the delivery and the assembly or installation or in so far
as they are induced by the buyer.
VII. Taking receipt
The buyer is not entitled to refuse to take receipt of deliveries by reason of negligible
defects.
VIII. Material defects
The Supplier is liable for material defects as follows:
1. All those parts or services which display a material defect within the limitation period -
irrespective of the time for which they have been in service - are to be repaired, replaced or
newly performed free of charge at the discretion of the Supplier if their cause was present at the
time of the risk being passed.
2. Claims concerning material defects expire by limitation after 12 months. This does not apply
in so far as the legal provisions set out in ยงยง 438, subsection 1, no. 2 (structures and objects
for structures), 479, subsection 1 (claim under a right of recourse) and 634a, subsection 1, no. 2
(structural defects) of the German Civil Code [BGB] prescribe longer terms.
3. The buyer shall notify the Supplier without delay of any defects. Rejected parts are to be
returned to the Supplier with a defect report attached.
4. When defects are reported, payments by the buyer may be withheld to an extent that is in
reasonable proportion to the material defects that have occurred. The buyer can withhold payments
only if a complaint is lodged about whose justification there can be no doubt. If the complaint was
lodged unjustifiably, the Supplier is entitled to demand compensation from the buyer for the
expenses incurred to him.
5. The Supplier must first always be given the opportunity for subsequent fulfilment within a
reasonable time.
6. If the subsequent fulfilment fails, the buyer can - notwithstanding any claims for
compensation in accordance with Section XI - terminate the contract or reduce payment.
7. Claims concerning defects are not recognized in cases of negligible deviation from the agreed
characteristics, of negligible impairment of the serviceability, of natural wear and tear or damage
which is caused after the passing of the risk by faulty or careless handling, excessive stress and
strain, inappropriate consumables, defective construction work or unsuitable building land, or
which is due to special external influences (e.g. chemical, electrochemical, electrical) which are
not implied in the contract, and in cases of non- reproducible software errors. If modifications or
repair works are carried out inexpertly by the buyer or by third parties, no claims for these and
their consequences will be recognized either.
8. Claims by the buyer relating to expenditure involved in subsequent fulfilment of the
contract, in particular costs of transport, travel, work and materials, are precluded in so far as
the expenditure is increased because the object of the delivery has subsequently been transferred
to a location other than the domicile of the buyer, unless the transfer is in accordance with the
designated use.
9. Legal claims under a right of recourse by the buyer against the Supplier are recognized only
in so far as the buyer has made with his customer no agreements extending beyond the legal claims
arising from defects. The scope of the claim under the right of recourse by the buyer against the
Supplier is furthermore subject analogously to point 8.
10. For the rest, claims for compensation are subject to Section XI. Further- reaching claims or
claims other than those regulated in this Section VIII filed by the buyer against the Supplier and
his vicarious agents on account of a material defect are precluded.
IX. Industrial property rights and copyrights; defects in title
1. Unless otherwise agreed, the Supplier is under obligation to render the delivery free of
industrial property rights and copyrights of third parties (hereinafter: Protective Rights) only in
the country of the delivery location. If a third party files justified claims against the buyer by
reason of the infringement of Protective Rights through contractually utilized deliveries rendered
by the Supplier, the Supplier is liable towards the buyer within the term specified in Section
VIII, point 2 as follows:
a) The Supplier will, at his discretion and at his expense, either obtain a usufructuary right
for the deliveries, modify them in such a way that the Protective Right is not infringed, or
replace them. If this is not possible for the Supplier under reasonable conditions, the buyer is
entitled to the statutory rights of rescission or redhibition.
b) The duty of the Supplier to pay compensation conforms with Section XI.
c) The above-stated commitments of the Supplier are applicable only in so far as the buyer
notifies the Supplier without delay of claims asserted by third parties, refrains from recognizing
an infringement, and the Supplier retains the right to all defensive measures and conciliatory
negotiations. If the buyer suspends utilization of the delivery for loss minimization or other
important reasons, he is under obligation to notify the third party that no recognition of an
infringement of a Protective Right is implicit in the suspension.
2. Claims on the part of the buyer are precluded in so far as he is responsible for the
infringement of the Protective Right.
3. Claims on the part of the buyer are moreover precluded in so far as the infringement of the
Protective Right is caused by specific instructions given by the buyer, by an application not.
4. In the event of Protective Rights being infringed, claims on the part of the buyer regulated
in point 1 a) are subject to the provisions of Section VIII, points 4, 5 and 9.
5. In the presence of any other defects in title, the provisions of Section VIII are valid
accordingly.
6. Further-reaching claims or claims other than those regulated in this Section IX filed by the
buyer against the Supplier and his vicarious agents on account of a defect in title are
precluded.
X. Impossibility; adaptation of the contract
1. If delivery is impossible, the buyer is entitled to demand compensation unless the Supplier
is not responsible for the impossibility. However, the compensation claimed by the buyer is limited
to 10 % of the value of that part of the delivery that cannot be put into expedient service on
account of the impossibility. This restriction does not apply in so far as there is compulsory
liability in cases of wilful intent or of gross negligence or for injury to life, to the body or to
health; a change in the onus of proof to the detriment of the buyer is not associated with this.
The right of the buyer to terminate the contract remains unaffected.
2. In so far as unforeseeable events in terms of Section IV, point 2 change the economic
significance or the content of the delivery substantially or have a substantial impact on the
operations of the Supplier, the contract will be adequately adapted in good faith. In so far as
this cannot be reasonably demanded from economic aspects, the Supplier has the right to terminate
the contract. If he wishes to avail himself of this right of termination, he has to notify the
buyer of this immediately on recognizing the implications of the event, even if an extended
delivery time was initially agreed with the buyer.
XI. Other claims for compensation
1. Claims filed by the buyer for compensation and for refunds (hereinafter: Compensation Claims)
on any legal grounds whatsoever, in particular for infringement of duties arising from the debt
obligation and from unauthorized action, are precluded.
2. This does not apply in so far as there is compulsory liability, e.g. in accordance with
product liability legislation, in cases of wilful intent or gross negligence, for injury to life,
to the body or to health, or for the infringement of essential contractual commitments. The claim
for compensation for the infringement of essential contractual commitments is, however, limited to
contract-typical, foreseeable damage unless it is a matter of wilful intent or gross negligence or
unless liability is assumed for injury to life, to the body or to health. A change in the onus of
proof to the detriment of the buyer is not associated with the above rulings.
3. In so far as the buyer is entitled to claims for compensation in accordance with this Section
XI, these claims expire by limitation on expiry of the limitation period for claims for material
defects set out in Section VIII, point 2.
XII. Place of jurisdiction and applicable law
1. If the buyer is a businessman, the sole place of jurisdiction for any legal disputes arising
directly or indirectly out of the contractual relationship is the domicile of the Supplier. The
Supplier is, however, also entitled to institute legal proceedings at the domicile of the
buyer.
2. The legal relationships in the context of this contract are subject to German substantive law
to the exclusion of the United Nations convention on contracts relating to international
trading.
XIII. Validity of the contract
Even in the event of any individual provisions being legally invalid, the remaining parts of the
contract retain their validity. This does not apply if adherence to the contract would constitute
unreasonable hardship for one of the parties to the contract.
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